Welcome! Feel free to post pictures of the wooden ship models, while the forum is about paper we generally appreciate modelling of all types (and wood is close to paper than plastic
).
As for the questions, laminating is gluing a pattern (generally for a structural former) to cardboard, card or thicker stock. I prefer using 3m type 77 spray glue for this, and personally stack card stock to the correct thickness rather than using cardboard - because it cuts easier.
Thick stock can be purchased from any of the Staples type office-supply places, sometimes at Walmart / K-mart and the like and of course there are online sources.
In general, I think most who print digital models use ink jet printers. Some use color laser, but I've read varying reports - sometimes the ink will flake upon cutting or shaping.
Hope that helps, and I'm sure you'll get a few more answers with varying input